Thursday, 29 October 2015

Sailing Stones

Sailing Stones

अपने आप में अनोखा
बड़े-बड़े पत्‍थर और रोज अपने आप ही ‌सरकते हुए आगे बढ़ जाए, ये हैरत वाली बात है। लेकिन कैलिफोर्निया के रेसट्रेक पलाया कि ये खासियत है कि वहां के पत्‍थर अपने आप ही खिसकते हैं।

ऐसा क्यों होता है, इस बात ने विज्ञान को भी लंबे समय तक हैरत में रखा। इसके पीछे की सच्चाई जानने के लिए स्रिक्प इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ ओशियनोग्राफी, युनिवर्सिटी ऑफ कैलिफोर्निया के सैन डियागो के वैज्ञानिकों ने पहल की।

एबीसी डॉटकॉम के मुताबिक इसके लिए उन्होंने सबसे पहले रिचर्ड नॉरिस और जेम्स नॉरिस ने उस रहस्यमयी रास्ते पर जीपीएस डिवाइस लगा दिए और उसको देखना शुय किया। आपको बता दें इस जगह को डेथ वैली या फिर सेलिंग स्टोन नाम से भी जाना जाता है।


निकली सच्चाई
उन्होंने सबसे पहली बार इस रास्ते का साइंटेफिक ऑबजरवेशन किया और इसकी फोटोग्राफी भी। साल 2013 के 20 दिसंबर महीने में उन्होंने 60 पत्‍थरों को मूव होते देखा।

बाद में उन्होंने डिस्कवर किया कि पत्‍थरों पर असल में हल्की बर्फ की परत होती है। सर्दियों के समय धूप होने पर वो गलने लगती है। तभी पत्‍थर पर पड़ा थोड़ा गीला पानी, बर्फ के अति छोटे कण और हवा के दबाव से वो खिसकने लगते हैं।

ऐसा देखकर लगता है कि पत्‍थर खुदबखुद ही यहां चलते हों। किसी आदमी को इसकी पीछे की सच्चाई पता ना हो, तो हो सकता है कि वो ये सब देखकर डर भी जाए।

The mysterious moving stones of the packed-mud desert of Death Valley have been a center of scientific controversy for decades. Rocks weighing up to hundreds of pounds have been known to move up to hundreds of yards at a time. Some scientists have proposed that a combination of strong winds and surface ice account for these movements. However, this theory does not explain evidence of different rocks starting side by side and moving at different rates and in disparate directions. Moreover, the physics calculations do not fully support this theory as wind speeds of hundreds of miles per hour would be needed to move some of the stones.
Wind and ice both are the favored hypothesis for these mysterious sliding rocks. But as those are only hypothesises, we can say that the mystery remains...


Sources:- http://www.oddee.com/item_96654.aspx

http://m.amarujala.com/feature/omg/world-of-wonders/mystery-of-sailing-stones-hindi-jp/

Wednesday, 28 October 2015

Nature Blows My Mind! The Strange Snow Formations Called Penitentes

Penitentes

So imagine this: You're strolling along a road in the Andes when suddenly you come across a patch of very spiky ice - spikes that hit as high as your waist, as high as your shoulders. There isn't any other snow around, just rocks and gravel... and these strange spikes of ice.
It'd be a little weird, right? These are called Penitentes (or nieves penitentes). The tall, thin spikes are typically blade-shaped and can be found at high altitudes above 13,000 feet and are made of hardened snow or ice. The blades usually are oriented toward the sun.
These amazing ice spikes, generally known as penitentes due to their resemblance to processions of white-hooded monks, can be found on mountain glaciers and vary in size dramatically: from a few centimetres to 5 metres in height. Initially, the sun’s rays cause random dimples on the surface of the snow. Once such a dimple is formed, sunlight can be reflected within the dimple, increasing the localized sublimation. As this accelerates, deep troughs are formed, leaving peaks of ice standing between them.


Sources:-
http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/nature-blows-my-mind-strange-snow-formations-called-penitentes.html

http://www.oddee.com/item_96654.aspx

Thursday, 8 October 2015

Nothing Is Solid & Everything Is Energy

Scientists Explain The World of Quantum Physics

It has been written about before, over and over again, but cannot be emphasized enough. The world of quantum physics is an eerie one, one that sheds light on the truth about our world in ways that challenge the existing framework of accepted knowledge.

What we perceive as our physical material world, is really not physical or material at all, in fact, it is far from it. This has been
proven time and time again by multiple Nobel Prize (among many other scientists around the world) winning physicists, one of them being Niels Bohr, a Danish Physicist who made significant contributions to
understanding atomic structure and quantum theory.

“If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t
understood it yet. Everything we call real is made of things that
cannot be regarded as real.” – Niels Bohr

 At the turn of the nineteenth century, physicists started to explore the relationship between energy and the structure of matter. In doing so, the belief that a physical, Newtonian material universe that was at the very heart of scientific knowing was dropped, and the
realization that matter is nothing but an illusion replaced it.

Scientists began to recognize that everything in the Universe is made
out of energy.

“Despite the unrivaled empirical success of quantum theory, the very
suggestion that it may be literally true as a description of nature is
still greeted with cynicism, incomprehension and even anger.” (T.
Folger, “Quantum Shmantum”; Discover 22:37-43, 2001)

Quantum physicists discovered that physical atoms are made up of vortices of energy that are constantly spinning and vibrating, each one radiating its own unique energy signature. Therefore, if we really want to observe ourselves and find out what we are, we are really beings of energy and vibration, radiating our own unique energy signature -this is fact and is what quantum physics has shown us time
and time again. We are much more than what we perceive ourselves to be, and it’s time we begin to see ourselves in that light. If you observed the composition of an atom with a microscope you would see a small, invisible tornado-like vortex, with a number of infinitely small energy vortices called quarks and photons. These are what make up the structure of the atom. As you focused in closer and closer on the structure of the atom, you would see nothing, you would observe a physical void. The atom has no physical structure, we have no physical structure, physical things really don’t have any physical structure!
Atoms are made out of invisible energy, not tangible matter.

“Get over it, and accept the inarguable conclusion. The universe is
immaterial-mental and spiritual” – Richard Conn Henry, Professor
of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University (quote taken from
“the mental universe)

It’s quite the conundrum, isn’t it? Our experience tells us that our reality is made up of physical material things, and that our world is an independently existing objective one. The revelation that the
universe is not an assembly of physical parts, suggested by Newtonian physics, and instead comes from a holistic entanglement of immaterial energy waves stems from the work of Albert Einstein, Max Planck and
Werner Heisenberg, among others.

The Role of Consciousness in Quantum Mechanics 

What does it mean that our physical material reality isn’t really
physical at all? It could mean a number of things, and concepts such
as this cannot be explored if scientists remain within the boundaries
of the only perceived world existing, the world we see. As Nikola Tesla supposedly said:

“The day science begins to study non-physical phenomena, it will make more progress in one decade than in all the previous centuries of its existence.”

Fortunately, many scientists have already taken the leap, and have already questioned the meaning and implications of what we’ve discovered with quantum physics. One of these potential revelations is that “the observer creates the reality.”

A fundamental conclusion of the new physics also acknowledges that the
observer creates the reality. As observers, we are personally involved with the creation of our own reality. Physicists are being forced to admit that the universe is a “mental” construction.
Pioneering physicist Sir James Jeans wrote: “The stream of knowledge is heading toward a non-mechanical reality; the universe begins to look more like a great thought than like a great machine. Mind no longer appears to be an accidental intruder into the realm of matter, we ought rather hail it as the creator and governor of the realm of matter. (R. C. Henry, “The Mental Universe”; Nature 436:29, 2005)

One great example that illustrates the role of consciousness within the physical material world (which we know not to be so physical) is the double slit experiment. This experiment has been used multiple times to explore the role of consciousness in shaping the nature of physical reality.
A double-slit optical system was used to test the possible role of consciousness in the collapse of the quantum wave-function. The ratio of the interference pattern’s double-slit spectral power to its single-slit spectral power was predicted to decrease when attention was focused toward the double-slit as compared to away from it. The study found that factors associated with consciousness, such as meditation, experience, electrocortical markers of focused attention and psychological factors such as openness and absorption, significantly correlated in predicted ways with perturbations in the double-slit interference pattern.

This is just the beginning. I wrote another article earlier this year that has much more, sourced information with regards to the role of consciousness and our physical material world:

http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/03/08/10-scientific-studies-that-prove-consciousness-can-alter-our-physical-material-world/

What’s The Significance?

The significance of this information is for us to wake up, and realize that we are all energy, radiating our own unique energy signature. Feelings, thoughts and emotions play a vital role, quantum physics helps us see the significance of how we all feel. If all of us are in a peaceful loving state inside, it will no doubt impact the external
world around us, and influence how others feel as well.

“If you want to know the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.” – Nikola Tesla.

Studies have shown that positive emotions and operating from a place of peace within oneself can lead to a very different experience for the person emitting those emotions and for those around them. At our subatomic level, does the vibrational frequency change the manifestation of physical reality? If so, in what way? We know that when an atom changes its state, it absorbs or emits electromagnetic
frequencies, which are responsible for changing its state.  Do different states of emotion, perception and feelings result in
different electromagnetic frequencies? Yes! This has been proven.


Tuesday, 6 October 2015

Thermoelectric Effect



The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. A thermoelectric device creates voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side.
This effect can be used to generate electricity, measure temperature or change the temperature of objects. Because the direction of heating and cooling is determined by the polarity of the applied voltage, thermoelectric devices can be used as temperature controllers.
The term "thermoelectric effect" encompasses three separately identified effects:
The Seebeck effect,
Peltier effect, and
Thomson effect.

1. The Seebeck effect
The Seebeck effect is the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity and is named after the Baltic German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck. Seebeck, in 1821, discovered that a compass needle would be deflected by a closed loop formed by two different metals joined in two places, with a temperature difference between the junctions. This was because the metals responded to the temperature difference in different ways, creating a current loop and a magnetic field. Seebeck did not recognize there was an electric current involved, so he called the phenomenon the thermomagnetic effect. Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted rectified the mistake and coined the term "thermoelectricity".
2. The Peltier effect
The Peltier effect is the presence of heating or cooling at an electrified junction of two different conductors and is named after French physicist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier, who discovered it in 1834. When a current is made to flow through a junction between two conductors A and B, heat may be generated (or removed) at the junction.
3. Thomson effect
In many materials, the Seebeck coefficient is not constant in temperature, and so a spatial gradient in temperature can result in a gradient in the Seebeck coefficient. If a current is driven through this gradient then a continuous version of the Peltier effect will occur. This Thomson effect was predicted and subsequently observed by Lord Kelvin in 1851. It describes the heating or cooling of a current-carrying conductor with a temperature gradient.


Applications

Thermoelectric generator

The Seebeck effect is used in thermoelectric generators, which function like heat engines, but are less bulky, have no moving parts, and are typically more expensive and less efficient. They have a use in power plants for converting waste heat into additional electrical power (a form of energy recycling) and in automobiles as automotive thermoelectric generators (ATGs) for increasing fuel efficiency. Space probes often use radioisotope thermoelectric generators with the same mechanism but using radioisotopes to generate the required heat difference.


Peltier effect: Thermoelectric cooling
The Peltier effect can be used to create a refrigerator that is compact and has no circulating fluid or moving parts. Such refrigerators are useful in applications where their advantages outweigh the disadvantage of their very low efficiency.

Temperature measurement:
Thermocouples and thermopiles are devices that use the Seebeck effect to measure the temperature difference between two objects, one connected to a voltmeter and the other to the probe. The temperature of the voltmeter, and hence that of the material being measured by the probe, can be measured separately using cold junction compensation techniques.

Thermal cyclers for polymerase chain reaction

The Peltier effect is used by many thermal cyclers, laboratory devices used to amplify DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR requires the cyclic heating and cooling of samples to specified temperatures. The inclusion of many thermocouples in a small space enables many samples to be amplified in parallel.